Can I Afford Two Mortgages Navigating Dual Debt

Can I afford two mortgages? This question looms large for many aspiring homeowners or savvy investors, presenting a complex financial labyrinth. It’s a journey fraught with both exciting possibilities and potential pitfalls, demanding a keen understanding of one’s financial landscape. This exploration delves deep into the intricacies, uncovering the hidden costs, the critical metrics, and the steadfast preparation needed to navigate such a significant financial undertaking.

Understanding the full scope of holding two separate mortgage loans is paramount. It’s not merely about managing two distinct payments; it’s about how these obligations fundamentally reshape your monthly cash flow, potentially introducing long-term financial strain if not meticulously planned. We’ll examine common scenarios that lead individuals to consider this path and dissect the immediate and future financial implications.

Understanding the Financial Implications of Two Mortgages

Can I Afford Two Mortgages Navigating Dual Debt

So, you’re thinking about snagging a second crib and, like, another mortgage? That’s a big move, and before you eventhink* about signing anything, you gotta get the financial deets locked down. It’s not just about the sticker price; it’s the whole vibe of what that second loan means for your wallet, both now and down the road. Let’s break it.When you’re juggling two mortgages, you’re basically signing up for a double dose of financial responsibility.

It’s like having two gaming consoles instead of one – way more fun, but also way more expensive. You’ve got two separate monthly payments hitting your bank account, two sets of property taxes, two insurance premiums, and potentially two HOA fees if either property has one. This means your outgoing cash flow takes a serious hit, and you need to be super organized to keep everything afloat without, you know, totally crashing.

Primary Financial Responsibilities of Two Mortgages

Owning two homes with two mortgages means you’re on the hook for a lot more than just the principal and interest. You’re looking at:

Two mortgage payments, due monthly, that are likely your biggest bills.
Property taxes for both homes, which can add up fast depending on where they’re located.
Homeowners insurance for both properties, which is non-negotiable.
Potential private mortgage insurance (PMI) if you put down less than 20% on either loan.
Maintenance and repair costs for two separate properties, which can be unpredictable and costly.
Utilities for both homes, which can be a significant expense, especially if one is vacant or being rented out.

Impact of Two Mortgage Payments on Monthly Cash Flow

Dropping two mortgage payments into your monthly budget is no joke. It’s like trying to fit two giant pizza boxes into a tiny fridge – it’s gonna take up a ton of space. Your disposable income, the money you have left after all your essential bills are paid, shrinks considerably. This means less cash for fun stuff like going to concerts, hitting up the mall, or even just grabbing takeout with your squad.

You gotta be real about what you can comfortably afford to spend each month after these two major payments are accounted for.

Common Scenarios for Considering Two Mortgages

People usually dive into the two-mortgage world for a few main reasons. It’s not just about flexing with two houses; there are usually some strategic plays involved:

Investment Properties: Buying a second home specifically to rent out is a super common move. The idea is that the rental income will cover the mortgage and then some, generating passive income.
Vacation Homes: Some folks love a getaway so much they buy a second place to escape to. This is usually a lifestyle choice, but the financial implications are still major.
Relocation with Unsold Home: Sometimes, people have to move for a job or other reasons but can’t sell their current home right away. They might take out a new mortgage on a new place while still paying the mortgage on their old one.
Co-signing or Family Support: In some cases, someone might co-sign for a family member or buy a second property to help out a loved one, which still means they’re on the financial hook.

Potential Long-Term Financial Strain of Servicing Multiple Mortgage Debts

Sticking with two mortgages for the long haul can feel like running a marathon with a backpack full of bricks. Even if you can swing the payments now, unforeseen life events like job loss, medical emergencies, or even just a major home repair can throw your whole financial game off. The more debt you have, the less wiggle room you have when life throws you curveballs.

It’s crucial to have a solid emergency fund and a robust financial plan to weather any storms that might come your way when you’re carrying that much mortgage weight.

Assessing Affordability

Alright, so you’re thinking about juggling two mortgages? That’s a whole vibe, but before you go full send, we gotta break down if your wallet can actually handle it. It’s not just about the down payment, fam; it’s about the long game and what lenders are gonna see.This section is all about the nitty-gritty financial stuff that separates the dreamers from the ones who can actually pull this off without going broke.

We’re talking numbers, ratios, and how your credit score plays a starring role.

Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI) and Second Mortgages

The DTI ratio is basically your financial report card, and lenders look at it like it’s the only thing that matters. It shows how much of your monthly income goes towards paying off debts. When you’re eyeing a second mortgage, this ratio gets way more intense because you’re adding another huge chunk to your monthly debt load. Lenders want to see that you’re not already drowning in payments.

DTI = (Total Monthly Debt Payments / Gross Monthly Income) – 100

For a second mortgage, you’re gonna recalculate your DTI with both mortgage payments included. So, it’s not just your car payment and student loans anymore; it’s those plus two mortgage bills. If your DTI is already pushing it, adding another mortgage is gonna be a hard pass for most lenders. They usually want to see a DTI below 43%, but the lower, the better, especially with extra debt.

Calculating Total Monthly Housing Expense

Figuring out your total monthly housing cost is super important. It’s not just the principal and interest on your loans. You gotta factor in everything that keeps a roof over your head.Here’s how to break it down:

Principal and Interest (P&I): This is the main payment for each mortgage.
Property Taxes: Don’t forget these annual costs, usually spread out monthly.
Homeowners Insurance: Another monthly must-have to protect your crib.
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) or FHA Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP): If your down payment was less than 20% on either property, you’ll likely have these.
Homeowners Association (HOA) Fees: If either property is in an HOA, these are non-negotiable monthly charges.
Potential Maintenance and Repairs: While not always included by lenders, you should budget for this, especially with two homes.

Adding up all these for both properties gives you your true total monthly housing expense. This number needs to be manageable on top of all your other living costs and debts.

Other Critical Financial Ratios for Lenders

Besides DTI, lenders are gonna snoop around with a few other financial metrics to make sure you’re not a risky bet. They want to see you can handle the heat.Some key ratios they’ll check include:

Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV): This compares the loan amount to the property’s appraised value. For a second mortgage, they’ll look at the LTV for both properties combined, or the combined loan-to-value (CLTV) if you’re using the same property for both loans (like a HELOC). High LTVs mean more risk for the lender.
Housing Expense Ratio (Front-End DTI): This is just the housing costs (P&I, taxes, insurance, HOA) divided by your gross monthly income. It’s a snapshot of how much of your income goes
-just* to housing.
Savings and Reserves: Lenders want to see you have some serious cash stashed away. This means having enough in savings to cover several months of mortgage payments (including both new ones), property taxes, and insurance. This is your emergency fund, and it’s a big deal.

Credit Score’s Influence on Mortgage Affordability

Your credit score is like your financial reputation, and it’s HUGE when it comes to getting approved for any loan, especially two mortgages. A stellar credit score shows lenders you’re responsible with money and pay your bills on time.Here’s the lowdown:

Higher Scores, Better Terms: With a high credit score (think 740 and up), you’re more likely to get approved for both mortgages and snag lower interest rates. Lower rates mean lower monthly payments, making affordability way easier.
Lower Scores, More Hurdles: If your credit score is on the lower side, lenders might see you as a higher risk. This could mean getting denied altogether, facing much higher interest rates that make the payments unaffordable, or needing to put down a larger down payment.
Impact on Qualification: Even if you have the income, a shaky credit history can be a deal-breaker. Lenders use credit scores to predict your future payment behavior. For two mortgages, they’ll be scrutinizing your credit report even more closely for any red flags.

Basically, a good credit score is your golden ticket to making two mortgages seem less like a pipe dream and more like a reality you can actually afford.

Income and Employment Stability for Dual Mortgage Holders

So, like, you’re thinking about snagging a second crib? That’s totally epic, but before you go all-in, we gotta talk about the bread and butter: your income and whether your job is, like, super solid. Banks aren’t just gonna hand over cash ’cause you have a good vibe; they need to know you can actually pay for two houses without, you know, ramen noodles being your main food group forever.This whole income thing is kinda the bedrock of whether you can even

dream* of two mortgages. Lenders wanna see that you’re not just coasting on a maybe-paycheck. They’re all about that stable, reliable dough coming in, month after month, year after year. It’s less about how much you
could* make and more about how much you
consistently* make.

Consistent and Verifiable Income Streams

Having income that’s, like, a sure thing is major league when you’re juggling two mortgage payments. This means your paychecks are predictable, and there’s proof. Think W-2s, tax returns, and bank statements that show the money hitting your account regularly. If your income is all over the place, it’s gonna be a major headache for lenders, and probably for you too.

They need to see a clear pattern of you getting paid, so they’re chill about you getting paid for two loans.

Employment History and Stability Considerations

When you’re applying for a second mortgage, your employment history is basically your report card for lenders. They want to see that you’ve been, like, planted at your job or in your field for a while. Bouncing around from job to job every few months is a huge red flag. It makes them nervous that you might, like, peace out on your job and then struggle to make payments.

So, having a solid, consistent work history shows you’re reliable and not gonna dip out when things get tough.

So, can I afford two mortgages? It’s a big question, especially if you’re thinking about splitting up and need to know how to buyout a spouse’s mortgage. Once that’s sorted, you can then really get down to figuring out if juggling two mortgages is even a vibe for your wallet.

Variable Income Sources and Mortgage Affordability

If your income is more of a “feast or famine” situation, like if you’re a freelancer, commission-based salesperson, or run your own business, managing two mortgages gets way more complicated. Lenders look at these income streams with a side-eye because they’re not as predictable. They’ll probably average your income over a few years, and might even apply a discount to it, meaning they’ll count less of it towards your affordability.

This can seriously cramp your style when it comes to qualifying for that second loan.

Income Documentation Checklist for Mortgage Applications

To get your mortgage application rolling, you’re gonna need to round up some serious paperwork. Lenders want to see the whole picture of your financial life. It’s like showing them your report card, but for money. Make sure you have these things ready to go so you don’t hold yourself up.Here’s a rundown of what they’ll likely ask for:

Pay stubs from the last 30-60 days to show current earnings.
W-2 forms from the past two years to prove consistent employment and income.
Federal tax returns (all schedules) for the last two years, especially if you have self-employment income or deductions.
Bank statements (checking and savings) for the last two to three months to show cash flow and reserves.
If you’re self-employed, you might need profit and loss statements, and potentially a year-to-date P&L.
Proof of any other income, like rental properties, alimony, or social security benefits.

Impact on Creditworthiness and Future Borrowing

So, like, taking on a second mortgage isn’t just about the extra cash; it’s also a major flex on your credit score, for real. It’s kinda like leveling up in a game, but if you mess up, the consequences are way gnarlier than losing a life. Your credit report is basically your financial report card, and lenders check it to see if you’re a responsible adult or a total noob.When you have two mortgages, it significantly changes how lenders see your financial situation.

It’s a big commitment, and they wanna make sure you can handle the heat. This means they’ll be looking extra hard at your ability to manage all your debt without totally crashing and burning.

Credit Utilization Ratio Effects

Your credit utilization ratio is a huge deal, and it’s basically how much credit you’re using compared to your total available credit. When you get a second mortgage, your total debt goes up, which can seriously mess with this ratio if you’re not careful. It’s like having two giant credit cards that you’re maxing out, and that looks sus to lenders.A high credit utilization ratio, especially if it’s over 30% across all your credit accounts, can tank your credit score.

Imagine trying to get a sweet new gaming setup or a dope ride, and the loan officer is like, “Nah, you’re too risky, fam.” It’s a major buzzkill.

Future Loan Acquisition Challenges

Getting a second mortgage can make it way harder to snag other loans down the road. Lenders are gonna see that you’ve already got a massive chunk of your income tied up in mortgages, and they might think you’re spread too thin. This applies to everything from a car loan to a personal loan for that epic vacay you’ve been dreaming of.For instance, if you’re looking to buy a new car, the dealership’s finance department will run your credit.

If they see two mortgages, they might approve you for a higher interest rate or even deny you altogether because your debt-to-income ratio is through the roof. It’s like being on a strict diet, and they don’t want you to overindulge.

Strategies for Maintaining a Healthy Credit Profile

Alright, so you wanna live that dual-mortgage life without wrecking your credit? It’s totally doable, but you gotta be strategic. Think of it like a boss battle – you need a solid game plan.Here are some legit moves to keep your credit looking fly:

Always Pay On Time: This is non-negotiable, period. Late payments are the ultimate credit score killers. Set up auto-pay or calendar reminders so you never miss a due date.
Keep Balances Low: Even though you have two mortgages, try to keep your other credit card balances as low as possible. This helps keep your overall credit utilization in check.
Monitor Your Credit Reports: Stalk your credit reports like you stalk your fave celebs on Insta. Check them regularly for any errors or suspicious activity. You can get free ones from AnnualCreditReport.com.
Build an Emergency Fund: This is clutch. Having a solid emergency fund means you won’t have to dip into credit cards or loans if unexpected expenses pop up, which could mess with your ratios.
Consider a Secured Credit Card: If your credit score is a bit shaky, a secured credit card can help you rebuild it. You put down a deposit, and that becomes your credit limit. Use it responsibly, and it can boost your score.

Implications of Mortgage Defaults on Credit Scores

Okay, let’s talk about the worst-case scenario: defaulting on a mortgage. This is, like, the ultimate fail. If you can’t make your payments on one or both mortgages, your credit score will take a nosedive so steep it’ll make your head spin.A mortgage default is a massive red flag for future lenders. It signals that you’re unreliable and can’t handle your financial obligations.

This can make it incredibly difficult to get approved for any kind of loan for years to come. You might be stuck paying higher interest rates, or worse, be denied credit altogether. Imagine wanting to rent a cool apartment and the landlord sees you have a mortgage default on your record – they’re gonna be like, “Next!”

Alternative Financing and Investment Strategies: Can I Afford Two Mortgages

So, you’re thinking about snagging another crib, but maybe a second mortgage feels a little sus. No cap, there are totally other ways to make that dream crib a reality without going all-in on another loan. It’s all about being smart with your cash and knowing your options.Let’s break down some dope alternatives and how to make your money work for you, not the other way around.

It’s not just about getting a loan; it’s about building wealth and making smart moves.

Second Mortgage Versus Other Financing Methods

Peep this: getting a second mortgage is kinda like asking your bank for another loan on a property you already own. It’s cool if you need cash fast, but the interest rates can be a bit wild, and you’re adding more debt to your plate. Other ways to finance a new spot might be less intense.Here’s the lowdown on how a second mortgage stacks up against other options:

Second Mortgage: This is when you borrow more money against your existing home. It’s usually for a lump sum and can have a fixed or variable interest rate. It’s pretty straightforward if you need cash, but you’re doubling down on your mortgage payments.
Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC): Think of this like a credit card for your home’s equity. You can borrow, repay, and borrow again up to a certain limit. It’s flexible, but the interest rates are often variable, meaning your payments could go up.
Cash-Out Refinance: This is when you refinance your current mortgage for a higher amount than you owe and get the difference in cash. You get a new, larger mortgage, but you can use the extra cash for anything, including a down payment on another property.
Personal Loan: These are unsecured loans, meaning they aren’t tied to your property. They’re usually for smaller amounts and have higher interest rates than mortgages, but they don’t put your home at risk if you can’t pay.
Savings and Investments: Using your own saved-up cash or selling off investments (stocks, bonds, etc.) is the most straightforward way. No interest, no debt, just pure financial freedom.

Alternative Investment Strategies Without a Second Mortgage

You don’t always need to own a whole new property to invest. There are plenty of ways to grow your dough without taking on another mortgage. It’s about diversifying your portfolio and finding what vibes with your financial goals.Check out these legit ways to invest your cash:

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): These are like mutual funds for real estate. You can invest in companies that own income-producing real estate, like apartment buildings or shopping malls, without actually buying the property yourself. It’s a chill way to get exposure to real estate and earn dividends.
Real Estate Crowdfunding: Platforms let you pool your money with other investors to fund larger real estate projects. You can invest smaller amounts and still be part of bigger deals.
Rental Arbitrage: This is where you rent a property long-term and then sublease it on short-term rental platforms like Airbnb. You pocket the difference, but you gotta be on top of local regulations.
House Hacking: Buy a multi-unit property, live in one unit, and rent out the others. The rental income can help cover your mortgage, making your living situation super affordable.
Investing in Stocks and Bonds: The classic move. Diversify your portfolio with a mix of stocks and bonds for potential growth and income.

Refinancing Existing Mortgages to Free Up Capital, Can i afford two mortgages

Sometimes, the key to unlocking cash for a new venture isn’t about getting more debt, but about optimizing the debt you already have. Refinancing your current mortgage can be a total game-changer for your financial flexibility.Refinancing your mortgage can be a boss move in a few ways:

Lower Interest Rates: If market interest rates have dropped since you got your current mortgage, refinancing to a lower rate can significantly reduce your monthly payments and the total interest you pay over the life of the loan. This frees up cash flow.
Extend Loan Term: You could refinance to a longer loan term, which lowers your monthly payments. While you’ll pay more interest overall, it gives you more breathing room in your budget for other investments or expenses.
Cash-Out Refinance: As mentioned before, this is a direct way to pull equity out of your home. If your property value has increased, you can refinance for more than you owe and get the difference in cash, which can then be used for a down payment on a second property or other investments.

It’s crucial to crunch the numbers and see if the costs of refinancing (like closing costs) are worth the potential savings or cash you’ll get.

Questions for a Financial Advisor on Property Investment and Mortgage Strategies

When you’re dealing with big financial moves like buying property and managing mortgages, talking to a pro is a no-brainer. A financial advisor can help you navigate the complexities and make sure you’re making the smartest choices for your future.Here are some fire questions to ask your financial advisor:

What are the current market conditions for real estate investment, and are there specific areas or property types you recommend considering?
Given my current financial situation, income stability, and risk tolerance, what are the most suitable mortgage and financing strategies for acquiring a second property?
Can you help me model the financial implications of taking on a second mortgage versus using alternative financing methods, including the impact on my debt-to-income ratio and overall cash flow?
What are the potential benefits and risks associated with refinancing my existing mortgage to free up capital for investment?
What are some alternative investment strategies, beyond traditional property ownership, that align with my long-term financial goals?
How might different mortgage strategies affect my creditworthiness and my ability to secure future financing?
What are the tax implications of owning multiple properties and the various financing options I’m considering?
What is your fee structure, and how do you get compensated for your advice?
What are the typical closing costs and ongoing expenses associated with owning and financing a second property?
Can you provide examples of clients with similar financial profiles who have successfully navigated property investment and mortgage strategies?

Risk Mitigation and Financial Preparedness

So, you’re thinking about juggling two mortgages? That’s a whole vibe, but we gotta talk about the not-so-fun stuff too, like making sure you don’t totally tank your finances. Being prepared for the unexpected is key when you’re on this level of financial commitment. It’s all about having a solid game plan so you can sleep at night, even when life throws curveballs.Managing two mortgages means you’re playing with bigger stakes.

It’s like leveling up in a game – more rewards, but also higher risks. This section is all about making sure you’re ready for whatever comes your way, so you don’t end up in a financial dumpster fire. We’re talking about building a safety net, staying insured, and understanding what happens when things go south.

Potential Risks of Overextending Financially

Taking on two mortgages can be a major flex, but if you’re not careful, it can also be a total disaster. You’re basically doubling your biggest monthly bill, which leaves way less room for error. If your income dips even a little, or if you have some surprise expenses, you could be in a serious pickle. It’s easy to get caught up in the dream of owning more, but overextending yourself financially is a one-way ticket to stress city.Here are some major risks to watch out for:

Cash Flow Strain: Two mortgage payments can eat up a huge chunk of your income, leaving you with very little for other essentials, let alone fun stuff.
Reduced Emergency Fund: With more money going to mortgages, it’s harder to build and maintain a robust emergency fund, which is your lifeline when things go sideways.
Difficulty Meeting Other Financial Goals: Saving for retirement, college, or even just a vacation can become way harder when you’re strapped with dual mortgage payments.
Increased Debt-to-Income Ratio: Lenders look at this ratio to see how much of your income goes to debt. Two mortgages will skyrocket this, making it tough to get approved for anything else down the line.
Risk of Foreclosure: If you can’t make payments on both mortgages, you could be looking at foreclosure on one or both properties, which is, like, the worst-case scenario.

Building a Sufficient Emergency Fund

When you’ve got two mortgages, your emergency fund needs to be more than just a casual stash of cash. It needs to be a legit fortress. Think of it as your financial shield against job loss, medical emergencies, or any other random life event that could mess with your income. The goal is to have enough saved to cover at least six months of your combined mortgage payments, plus all your other essential living expenses.

This buffer is non-negotiable.Here’s how to level up your emergency fund game:

Automate Savings: Set up automatic transfers from your checking to your savings account every payday. Treat it like a bill you
-have* to pay.
Cut Unnecessary Expenses: Go through your budget with a fine-tooth comb and slash anything that isn’t essential. Every dollar saved is a dollar closer to your goal.
Side Hustle: Consider picking up a part-time gig or freelance work to boost your income and funnel those extra earnings directly into your emergency fund.
Sell Unused Items: Declutter your life and make some quick cash by selling things you no longer need.
Prioritize the Fund: Make building your emergency fund your absolute top financial priority until it’s at your target amount.

“An emergency fund is your financial parachute. Without it, you’re just freefalling.”

Importance of Adequate Insurance Coverage

Having insurance on your properties is not just a good idea; it’s usually a requirement from your lender, and for good reason. When you have two mortgages, you’ve got double the assets to protect. This means making sure you have the right types and amounts of insurance to cover potential damage, loss, or liability. Skipping out on insurance is like walking a tightrope without a net – super risky and not worth the potential fallout.Here’s the lowdown on why insurance is clutch:

Property Damage: Homeowners insurance protects you from damage caused by things like fire, storms, or vandalism. Without it, you’d be on the hook for costly repairs.
Liability Protection: If someone gets injured on your property, liability insurance can cover medical bills and legal expenses, saving you from a major financial hit.
Lender Requirements: Your mortgage lenders will mandate insurance to protect their investment. Not having it can lead to default on your loans.
Flood and Earthquake Coverage: Depending on your location, you might need separate policies for floods or earthquakes, as standard homeowners insurance often doesn’t cover these.
Life Insurance: It’s also super important to have adequate life insurance. If something happens to you, this ensures your mortgage payments can still be made, protecting your loved ones.

Scenario: Financial Strain of Unforeseen Events

Imagine a couple, Alex and Jamie, who decided to buy a second home as a vacation spot. They both have stable jobs and managed to qualify for two mortgages. Initially, everything seems chill. They’re enjoying their new pad and making both payments without a hitch.Then, BAM! Alex gets laid off unexpectedly. At the same time, their primary home’s HVAC system decides to die, costing a hefty sum to replace.

Suddenly, their combined mortgage payments, plus the unexpected repair bill, are way more than Jamie’s single income can comfortably handle. They had a small emergency fund, but it’s quickly depleted by the HVAC repair. Now, they’re scrambling to make payments on both mortgages, living on ramen, and stressing hardcore. They might have to sell one of the houses at a loss just to get back on stable ground, which totally defeats the purpose of buying the second property.

This scenario highlights how quickly things can go south when you’re financially stretched thin with multiple major debts.

Outcome Summary

Ultimately, the decision to take on two mortgages is a profound one, requiring a robust financial foundation and unwavering foresight. By thoroughly assessing your DTI, understanding income stability, and preparing for the upfront costs, you can make an informed choice. Remember, proactive risk mitigation and diligent financial preparedness are your greatest allies in ensuring that owning multiple properties remains a source of growth, not a burden.

Query Resolution

What is the typical DTI ratio lenders prefer for a second mortgage?

Lenders generally prefer a total debt-to-income ratio of 43% or lower, though some may go up to 50% with strong compensating factors. For a second mortgage, they will re-evaluate your entire debt load including both potential mortgage payments.

How much longer will it take to pay off two mortgages compared to one?

Paying off two mortgages will naturally take significantly longer, depending on the loan terms and payment amounts. If you are making only the minimum payments on both, it could effectively double your mortgage repayment timeline.

Can I use rental income from an investment property to qualify for a second mortgage?

Yes, lenders often consider projected rental income from an investment property, but typically only a percentage of it (often 75%) after accounting for vacancy and management costs. This requires a solid lease agreement or a well-researched rental market analysis.

What are the risks of having a second mortgage if my primary income source becomes unstable?

The primary risk is the inability to meet both mortgage payments, leading to potential default, foreclosure, and severe damage to your credit score. This highlights the critical need for a substantial emergency fund.

Are there tax implications for owning two properties with mortgages?

Yes, there can be. You may be able to deduct mortgage interest on both properties if they are considered investment properties, but rules can be complex. Consulting a tax professional is highly recommended.